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优化营商环境之建设项目环评知识问答
（第六期）环评审批
EIA Approval
问
26.什么是“两证合一”？实施范围和办理流程是什么？[25、26]
答
“两证合一”即环评批复和排污许可证同时申请、同时受理、同时办结，实现两项行政许可事项“一套材料、一口受理、同步审批、一次办结”。
实施范围：建设地点位于本市范围内，依法需申请排污许可证、编制建设项目环评报告书（表），且由同一生态环境主管部门负责审批的企事业单位，可实施“两证合一”审批。
办理流程：建设单位同步编制环评文件和排污许可证申请表，通过上海“一网通办”平台“建设项目环境影响评价审批”模块提交“两证合一”申请材料。审批部门对环评文件和排污许可证申请材料同步开展审查，同步作出环评审批和排污许可证核发决定。
Q
26.What is "Two Certificates in One"? What are the implementation scope and handling process? [25、26]
A
“Two Certificates in One” means simultaneous application, acceptance, and conclusion of EIA Approval and Pollutant discharge permit. It achieves "One set of materials, one window acceptance, synchronous approval, and one-time conclusion" for two administrative licensing items.
Implementation Scope: Enterprises and institutions located within Shanghai city that legally need to apply for a Pollutant Discharge Permit and compile a construction project EIA Report (Form), and where both are approved by the same ecological environment competent department, can implement "Two Certificates in One" approval.
Handling Process: The construction unit compiles the EIA document and Pollutant Discharge Permit Application Form synchronously and submits "Two Certificates in One" application materials synchronously via the "Government Online-Offline Shanghai" platform. The approval department conducts a synchronous review of the EIA document and Pollutant Discharge Permit application materials and makes decisions on EIA approval and Pollutant Discharge Permit issuance synchronously.
问
27.什么是“一次审批”？实施范围是什么？[7]
答
免办环评的排污许可“一次审批”是指联动产业园区或完成区域空间环评的区域内符合规划环评要求且纳入排污许可管理（重点管理和简化管理）的排污单位，编制环评报告表的污染影响类建设项目，免于办理环评手续，在项目投产前直接申领排污许可证的审批方式。
实施范围：生产经营场所位于环评联动区域，行业类别属于集成电路、电子设备、新能源汽车、高端装备、航空航天等先导和支柱产业，且同时满足一定条件的建设项目。
Q
27. What is "One Approval"? What are the implementation scope? [7]
A
One Approval means an approval method where pollution discharge units in Linked Industrial Parks or regions where regional EIA has been completed, that meet planning EIA requirements and are included in Pollutant Discharge Permit management, for Pollution Impact Class construction projects compiling EIA Forms, are exempted from handling EIA formalities and directly apply for a Pollutant Discharge Permit before the project is put into operation.
Implementation Scope: Production and operation sites located in EIA Linked Areas; industry categories belonging to leading and pillar industries such as Integrated Circuits, Electronic Equipment, New Energy Vehicles, High-end Equipment, Aerospace, etc.; and simultaneously meeting certain conditions.
问
28.上海市对集成电路、生物医药行业的环境影响评价和排污许可，有什么支持政策？
答
一、集成电路产业[12]
针对集成电路制造（C3973）及为其配套的电子专用材料制造（C3985）、集成电路设备制造（C3562）等行业的建设项目（其他纳入本市集成电路重点支持项目清单的建设项目可以参照执行），出台定制重点行业名录、支持制造配套工艺（如电镀）在重点园区发展、简化部分研发中试项目环评管理、“零增地”改扩建项目环评备案管理、简化排污许可变更方式、优化主要污染物总量管理、优化集成电路制造企业主要危险废物管理要求等措施。
二、生物医药产业[11]
针对生物药品制造（C2761）、基因工程药物和疫苗制造（C2762）及相关生物技术服务（M7340、M7452）等行业的建设项目（以上均含研发中试），出台定制重点行业名录、支持上游专用原料项目在特定园区内实施、开展“打捆”审批、简化部分变动情形的环评管理、简化环评文件编制内容、优化排污许可管理方式、优化主要污染物总量管理等举措。
Q
28.What support policies does Shanghai have for environmental impact assessment and Pollutant Discharge Permits in Integrated Circuit Industry and Bio-medicine Industry?
A
I. Integrated Circuit Industry [12]
Scope: Mainly includes Integrated Circuit Manufacturing (C3973) and its supporting Electronic Special Material Manufacturing (C3985), Integrated Circuit Equipment Manufacturing (C3562), etc. Other construction projects included in the city's Integrated Circuit Key Support Project List can refer to this for execution.
Support Policies: Optimize the Key Industry Directory for IC-related industries. Support the development of supporting processes for IC equipment and parts manufacturing (such as electroplating) in key parks. Simplify EIA management for partial R&D and pilot projects. Implement EIA filing (record-filing) management for "Zero land increase" reconstruction and expansion projects. Simplify the method for Pollutant Discharge Permit changes. Optimize total quantity management of major pollutants. Optimize major hazardous waste management requirements for IC manufacturing enterprises.
II. Bio-medicine Industry [11]
Scope: Mainly includes Biological Medicine Manufacturing (C2761), Genetic Engineering Drug and Vaccine Manufacturing (C2762), and related biotechnology services (M7340, M7452) (all including R&D and pilot tests).
Support Policies: Optimize the Key Industry Directory for Bio-medicine related industries. Support Bio-medicine upstream special raw material projects to be implemented in specific parks. Encourage Bio-medicine projects to carry out "Bundled" approval. Simplify EIA management for partial change scenarios of Bio-medicine production projects. Simplify EIA document compilation content. Optimize Pollutant Discharge Permit management methods. Optimize total quantity management of major pollutants.
问
29.上海市对重大项目的环境影响评价，有什么支持政策？
答
一、优化环评事前服务[27]：①建立环评管理台账。②跨部门沟通协商。③提供个性化精准服务。④主动帮扶解决技术难题。
二、提升环评审批效能[27]：①畅通环评审批“绿色通道”机制。②协调污染物总量指标。
Q
29. What support policies does Shanghai have for the EIA of major projects?
A
I. Optimize EIA Pre-service [27]: (1)Establish EIA management ledgers. (2)Cross-departmental communication and consultation. (3)Provide personalized precision services. (4)Actively help solve technical difficulties.
II. Improve EIA Approval Efficiency [27]: (1)EIA approval "Green Channel" mechanism. (2)Pollutant total quantity allowance coordination.
问
30.上海市对特定区域项目的环境影响评价和排污许可，有什么支持政策？
答
（1）张江科学城和上海化工区，部分行业项目可免于办理环评手续[9]。
（2）环评联动区域，部分行业项目可实行书降表、环评豁免、告知承诺、一次审批[7、8]。
（3）临港新片区产城融合区（不包括洋山保税港区岛屿部分），部分行业项目可以实施环评豁免、书降表、告知承诺、备案制[10]。
（4）青浦区，部分行业项目可实行备案制和告知承诺[22、23]。
Q
30. What support policies does Shanghai have for EIA and Pollutant Discharge Permits for projects in specific regions?
A
(1) Zhangjiang Science City and Shanghai Chemical Industry Park: Projects in partial industries can be exempted from EIA formalities [9].
(2) EIA Linked Areas: Projects in partial industries can implement Report-to-Form Downgrade, EIA Exemption, Notification Commitment, and One Approval [7, 8].
(3) Lingang Special Area Industry-City Integration Zone (excluding Yangshan Bonded Port Area islands): Projects in partial industries can implement EIA Exemption, Report-to-Form Downgrade, Notification Commitment, and Filing System [10].
(4) Qingpu District: Projects in partial industries can implement Filing System and Notification Commitment [22, 23].
问
31.建设单位若未依法报批建设项目环评，有什么后果？
答
建设单位未依法报批环评报告书（表），由相关生态环境主管部门责令停止建设，并根据违法情节和危害后果进行处罚。
建设项目环评报告书（表）未经批准或者未经原审批部门重新审核同意，建设单位擅自开工建设的，依照前款的规定处罚、处分。
建设单位未依法备案环评登记表的，由县级以上生态环境主管部门责令备案，处五万元以下的罚款[14]。
Q
31.What are the consequences if a construction unit fails to submit the construction project EIA for approval according to the law?
A
If a construction unit fails to submit the EIA Report (Form) for approval according to the law, the relevant ecological environment competent department shall order the cessation of construction and impose penalties based on the circumstances of the violation and the harmful consequences.
If a construction project EIA Report (Form) has not been approved or has not been re-verified and agreed upon by the original approval department, and the construction unit starts construction without authorization, they shall be penalized or disciplined in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
If a construction unit fails to file the EIA Registration Form according to the law, the ecological environment competent department at or above the county level shall order the filing and impose a fine of up to 50,000 RMB [14].
涉及的文件
7.《上海市生态环境局关于印发〈关于深化环评与排污许可“一次审批”改革试点的实施方案〉的通知》（沪环评〔2025〕34号）
8.《上海市生态环境局关于印发〈加强规划环境影响评价与建设项目环境影响评价联动的实施意见〉的通知》（沪环规〔2021〕6号）
9.《上海市生态环境局关于开展本市优化环评分类管理园区试点工作的通知》（沪环评〔2025〕51号）
10.《上海市生态环境局关于发布〈关于深化环评制度改革支持中国（上海）自由贸易试验区临港新片区高质量发展的若干意见〉的通知》（沪环规〔2023〕9号）
11.《上海市生态环境局关于印发〈关于深化环评与排污许可改革支持生物医药产业发展的若干措施〉的通知》（沪环规〔2024〕9号）
12.《上海市生态环境局关于印发〈关于深化环评与排污许可改革支持集成电路产业发展的若干措施〉的通知》（沪环规〔2024〕4号）
14.《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》
22.《浙江省生态环境厅 上海市生态环境局 江苏省生态环境厅 长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区执委会关于进一步深化长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区环评制度改革的指导意见》（浙环发〔2023〕44号）
23.《长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区执委会 上海市生态环境局 江苏省生态环境厅 浙江省生态环境厅关于印发〈深化长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区产业园区规划环境影响评价与建设项目环境影响评价联动改革实施方案〉的通知》（示范区执委会发〔2024〕49号）
25.《上海市生态环境局关于开展排污许可制与环境影响评价制度衔接改革试点工作的通知》（沪环评〔2022〕44号）
26.《上海市生态环境局关于开展排污许可与环境影响评价制度衔接工作的通知》（沪环评〔2023〕113号）
27.《上海市生态环境局关于优化本市重大项目环评工作的通知》（沪环评〔2022〕97号）